YÖKDİL Fen Bilimleri Advanced Exam 2

The ---- of apex predators from an ecosystem can trigger trophic cascades that fundamentally alter the structure and function of ecological communities.

Coral reef ecosystems exhibit remarkable ---- despite their high sensitivity to changes in water temperature, salinity, and pH levels.

The concept of ---- species highlights organisms whose ecological impact is disproportionately large relative to their abundance in a given habitat.

---- succession begins on newly exposed surfaces such as bare rock or volcanic lava where no soil or biological community previously existed.

The accelerated rate of ---- caused by agricultural runoff has led to severe oxygen depletion in many freshwater lakes and coastal marine zones.